Des de l'organització de l'acte de celebració del 30è aniversari de l'aergenerador de Vilopriu ens fa molta il·lusió poder publicar el discurs integre que va realitzar en Pere Escorsa, co-fundador d'ECOTÈCNIA S.Coop en la recollida del Solar Super State Prize, en la categoria Wind.
Felicitats als membres d'ECOTÈCNIA!!!
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The organizers of the event's 30th anniversary of the aergenerador Vilopriu we are pleased to publish the speech of Peter Escorsa, co-founder of ECOTÈCNIA S.Coop in the collection of the State Super Solar Prize, the Wind category.
Congratulations to the members of ECOTÈCNIA!
SOLAR SUPER STATE PRIZE
Zurich 14 August 2012
The
creation of ECOTÈCNIA, a pioneer company in the wind turbines building
industry, and the current status of Renewable Energy in Spain
Pere
Escorsa,
Co-founder of ECOTÈCNIA S.Coop
________________________________________________________________
Ladies and Gentleman,
It is an honour to join you here to collect the
prize awarded by the prestigious Wind SolarSuperState Association, based in
Zurich, for my participation in the team that founded Ecotècnia -today Alstom
Wind- one of the pioneers in the construction of wind turbines in Europe.
Frankly I think my colleagues deserve this prize more than me, but I am proud
to represent here the whole team.
I will divide my intervention into two parts.
In the first part I will talk about the history of the company Ecotècnia and in
the second I will address the issue of the current status of Renewable Energy
in Spain.
Brief
history of Ecotècnia S.Coop. (Today Alstom Wind)
Ecotècnia was founded in 1981, thus more than
thirty years ago. It is headquartered in Barcelona but has factories in As
Somozas (A Coruña), Buñuel (Navarre) and Coreses (Zamora).
The very rapid growth experienced by the
company in the 80s and 90s of the last century, fired its need for capital. Due
to this fact, since April 1999, Ecotècnia became part of Mondragón Corporación
Cooperativa (MCC) based in the Basque Country, one of the most powerful Spanish
industrial groups, formed by 100 cooperatives operating in various industries.
In 2007, Ecotècnia was bought by Alstom for 350 million euros. About 800
employees worked in the company and its turnover was 400 million,
approximately.
Period
1981-2007 Ecotècnia S.Coop.
In the late 70's, Spain was in political
transition after the long period of dictatorship. These were years of intense labour
unrest and economic instability, with inflation above 30% in 1977. In this
turbulent period, the country was recovering freedoms. Political parties and
trade unions emerged from clandestine underground in a process that culminated
in 1978 with the approval of the new Constitution in Parliament.
At this time, environmental movements began to
be significant, expressing their concerns regarding the increase of pollution
and disasters such as the toxic gas leak in Seveso, the mercury poisoning of the
Minamata Japanese fishermen, the oil spills caused by the sinking of
"Torrey Canyon" and "Amoco Cadiz" tankers... - and the
depletion of the planet's resources, as outlined in the famous Club of Rome
report "Limits to Growth" which was published in 1972. In Catalonia,
antinuclear demonstrations were frequent. Many aspired to a different type of
development.
In this context a group of engineers associated
with the ecological thinking and motivated by the forms of alternative work
organization began to meet to explore possibilities of starting a company that
would develop in practice alternative technologies. Joaquim Corominas, then a professor
at the School of Telecommunications Engineering, and Josep Puig, who was doing
his doctoral thesis on wind energy under the direction of Corominas- were the
promoters of the group, soon joined by Pere Escorsa, then associate professor
of Economics at the School of Industrial Engineering of Barcelona. The previous
three formed the "veteran" core (35-41 years), which was expanded
with the gradual incorporation of young engineers who had just finished their
career. In these preparatory meetings many topics were discussed, such as the
ideas of Schumacher, author of "Small is beautiful", the technical
aspects of wind turbines (Corominas and Puig had been in Denmark and had plenty
of documentation), the Mondragon cooperatives (Escorsa had been there) or the
viability of starting a business.
This period ended up with the formal
establishment of the company Ecotècnia Cooperative Society in Barcelona on the
2th of April of 1981. The act was signed by eight of the nine members of the
group, since one was doing military service. The initial capital was 80.000
pesetas ....! (480 €). Each partner contributed with 10,000 pesetas (60 €).
They rented a small room in an apartment in Barcelona where the company was domiciled.
At that moment, no member resigned from his previous regular activity. The
objective of the cooperative was promoting
technology available worldwide and enabling a better use of local resources as
well as the use of renewable energy, respecting the environment and, in the
framework of the work organization, being participative.
After the constitution of the company a difficult
period followed. There were no resources to build a first prototype of wind
turbine and, therefore, there was nothing concrete to offer. The first attempts
to get a loan that would allow building the prototype failed, the delegate of a
major bank office in Spain answered: You
are “illuminated people” and will go nowhere. Finally, Caixa d'Enginyers
granted a personal loan of one million pesetas (this now would be approximately
€ 6.000) to one of the partners, allowing therefore to modestly start some
activities.
But sometimes luck favors the bold ones; in
July 1981 the CDTI (Centre for Industrial Technological Development), an agency
under the Ministry of Industry, announced a competition in the framework of the
national plan promoting research and technological innovation, funded by the
Ministry, for the design and construction of 5-10 KW and 25 KW wind turbines.
The proposal of Ecotècnia was selected and in 1982 Ecotècnia signed a
cooperation agreement with CDTI, which financed 90% of the project.
Finally, on the 10th of March 1984 the
15 kW of rated power, 12 meters in
diameter and 14 meters high tower prototype was officially installed in
Vilopriu, province of Girona, near the Costa Brava.
The Vilopriu prototype was an important
milestone in the history of Ecotècnia in that it constituted the basis for its
takeoff. In 1985 4 12/15 windmills were installed in Guadalajara, Ciudad Real,
Albacete and Girona. In late 1987 the number of 12/30 turbines in operation or
under construction was 32, with a total of 1 MW of installed capacity. 24 of
these windmills were located in the wind farms of La Granadilla (Tenerife),
Tarifa (Cadiz) and Ontalafia (Albacete). Ecotècnia was the only Spanish
manufacturer utilizing proprietary developments in the three technology areas
involved in the manufacture of wind turbine: blades, mechanics and electronics.
The experience and know-how acquired, enabled
Ecotècnia to make the decision to embark in an ambitious wind turbine
development project called ECO20 (20 m Diameter helix / 150 kw), for which he
obtained funding from IDEA (Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy)
and the European Comission. The prototype was installed in Tarifa (Cadiz) in
July 1989, nearby the 10 12/30 windmills that Ecotècnia had installed previously
there. With this project Ecotècnia iniciated the development of a second
generation of wind energy converters.
In 1990 Ecotècnia formed together with several
electrical companies and development agencies a society called " Energía
eólica del Estrecho S.A.”, with a 20% share. This society bought turnkey a 10
MW windfarm (66 150kW turbines) installed in Tarifa, with a total investment of
1.600 M. pesetas. Ecotècnia provided 75% of the park (50 turbines) and Made, a
subsidiary of Endesa, the remaining 25%. This park was inaugurated in January
1993, and along with another park, also in Tarifa, formed the largest wind farm
in Europe (30 MW).
Ecotècnia continued to grow, from 15 kw in 1984
to the ECO74 model (propeller of 74 m. in diameter and 1.67 MW) in 2003. Most
facilities were settled in Spain, but 10% of the production was distributed in
countries such as Portugal, France, Italy, Japan and India. In India (Gujarat) Ecotècnia
built in 1995 a windfarm with 10 ECO28/225 kW, forming a joint venture with an
Indian industrial group. It also has facilities in Tiraguanó (Cuba). In January
2001, began to export wind turbines to Japan, where it has a technology
transfer and commercialization agreement with the company Hitachi Zosen.
The quality of Ecotècnia turbines, built with
proprietary technology, won international recognition. According to data
published by the EUROWIN Database, the 4 best wind turbines in Europe in 1993,
among more than 7,400 machines, in terms of energy efficiency, measured as
output per area swept by the blades (KWh/m2) were Ecotècnia’s ECO20/150 Kw
machines. 38 of the top 50 machines in the list, were form Ecotècnia.
In 2001 the founders and the direction of
Ecotècnia were awarded with the Poul la Cour Prize by the European Wind Energy
Conference, recognizing not only the technical aspects of the windmills but
also the cooperative nature of the company.
Period
2007-2012. Alstom Ecotècnia and Alstom Wind
Following its sale, the company changed his name to Alstom Ecotècnia,
until 2010 when it was renamed Alstom Wind. Alstom Wind maintains its
headquarters in Barcelona (one of the co-founders of Ecotècnia, Miquel Cabré,
is the current Strategy and Development Director).
The company Iberdrola has ordered recently to Alstom, 217 MW of ECO100/3MW
wind turbines for the Whitelee park in Scotland. The first ECO100/3MW was
installed in Vieux Moulin park, France. In addition, Alstom wind’s factory in
Buñuel is already producing wind turbines for a 101.87 MW contract in Morocco
and for another of 95 MW in Brazil.
Currently, Alstom is building 4 5MW windmills for the offshore Park of l’Ametlla,
on the coast of the province of Tarragona, in the Mediterranean. In the French
coast, near Saint Nazaire, Alstom Wind opened in March the first 6 MW offshore
wind turbine, with a propeller of 150 ms. diameter.
The
current situation of Renewable Energy in Spain
In 2006, Spain occupied the second position in
the top world countries in cumulative capacity with 11.614 MW, preceded only by
Germany (20,652 MW) and ahead of the United States (11.575 MW). The first
Spanish wind company, Gamesa Wind -owned by Iberdrola and BBVA- was the third
largest manufacturer in the world. In 2011 the ranking has changed: now China
leads the installed wind capacity (62.733 MW), followed by Germany, Spain and
India.
But the crisis arrived, and with it, regulatory
changes and cuts in state aid. This has led to a paralysis in the Spanish
market for renewable energy. The PV sector, which had grown exponentially in
recent years under generous subsidies, is sadly about to disappear.
In 2011, wind power accounted for the 16% of the
electricity produced in Spain, and reached the 60% in the 8th of
November. But today, companies must work outside Spain, since there is hardly
any projects in the internal market. 92% of Gamesa’s sales are abroad (India,
China, Latin America, United States). Iberdrola is building the largest wind
farm in the world (400 MW) in the Baltic deep waters (Project Wikinger) to
generate about 5 MW. Over the 84% of the wind power installed by Iberdrola in
2011 has been outside Spain.
Right now the government seems very concerned
about the electricity tariff shortfall, estimated about 24.000 Million euros. Everything
seems to indicate that Renewable Energies are going to pay for it, accused of
being the cause of the shortfall. The Government prepares an energy reform that
is clearly committed to nuclear energy, planning to extend in ten years the
life span of nuclear plants. The Electrical lobby has won the battle.
The different technologies will have to pay
soon new taxes: nuclear, hydro, coal, gas and combined cycle will be taxed a 4%,
biomass a 4.5%, wind a 11%, the thermoelectric a13% and Phtotovoltaic a 19%.
Soon Spain will no longer be at the forefront and will become a residual
country, ignoring the continual recriminations from Brussels for the
abandonment of renewables. It will be another historic mistake.
